Keywords
rifting
Socotra Island
passive margins
physical modeling
Section
Abstract
The authors studied the formation conditions and the character of deformations of the margin plateau and Socotra Island using the physical modeling. In experiments, a plate with elastic-plastic properties lying on a liquid base was subjected stretching. Plate’s zones imitating the continental or oceanic lithosphere in the model had different thicknesses. In accordance with natural analogues, various heterogeneities were set in the zones: sections, linear reduced zones (rift heating zones) etc. The authors considered the tectonic structure of Socotra Island. The submerged plateau and Socotra Island were investigated using physical modeling, the conditions of formation and the nature of deformations. It is shown that the formation of the submerged Socotra plateau was caused by the interaction of two rift cracks, advancing towards each other. One crack transformed into a spreading ridge (the Sheba Ridge), and the other disappeared, forming an aulacogen-type structure (graben Guardafui). During the process of transition from rifting to spreading, Socotra Island rotated, both in horizontal and vertical planes, which led to jumps of the rift axis and the formation of an asymmetric structure of conjugated continental margins.
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